Abstract
With the development of the economy in China, original roads may be unable to cope with the existing traffic. The expansion of the old embankment is the core problem for road expansion. Soft foundation differential settlements and pavement cracking along the joint between the new subgrade and old embankment often emerge after construction, especially during the operational period of the road. The Binjiang Avenue Project in Nanjing, China, is taken as a research example in this paper, and a typical test zone of about 300.0 m in length was selected to conduct research work through in-situ tests. The coordinated deformations of the subgrade combined with the old embankment under conditions of consolidation by drainage were researched using in-situ tests and numerical modeling. During the process of numerical modeling, the vertical drainage system in the compressible soft ground layers was simplified to be represented as the drainage band model and the equivalent sand-wall model. In addition, a soft ground creep model was adopted to calculate the deformation of the subgrade with the construction process. A comparison of the results between field tests and numerical simulations was carried out. The results show that there is good uniformity for both. Based on the results, three indexes for the new and old subgrade, such as the differential settlement, total settlement and post-settlement, should be viewed as the basis for the design and construction of the new subgrade and old embankment. Additionally, it was found that the soft ground model, drainage band model and equivalent sand-wall model are all completely suitable for the numerical modeling of the soft ground reinforcement subgrade. These results also provide a theoretical basis for the construction method of similar projects.
Highlights
The widening of embankments and pavements has been increasingly undertaken to improve traffic volume
According to the finite element simulation, the stress strain diagram is obtained from different year after the preloading of the drainage line model and equivalent sand-wall model
In this research regarding the measurement of integrated road-embankments in the Nanjing
Summary
The widening of embankments and pavements has been increasingly undertaken to improve traffic volume. Differential settlement often occurs between and within the widened portion and the existing embankments [3,4]. After construction for widening the embankment, pavement damage may occur due to differential settlement, such as longitudinal cracks or drop-off of pavement sections [5,6,7,8], especially during the operational period of the road. The deformation mechanics should be studied in order to avoid the emergence of these problems if possible. Field tests and numerical analysis have been used to study the deformation mechanics for embankment projects [9,10,11,12,13,14]. Higo et al [15] determined the three-dimensional strain localization
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