Abstract
Prevention, eradication and control of animal diseases, as well as public health assurance are major functions of veterinary authorities. The strategies to control animal diseases differ from disease to disease but are often similar on a disease basis from country to country depending on the main objective of the measure employed. These measures include among others movement control and quarantine, vaccination, treatment and mass slaughtering. However, not every country uses all these control measures at the same time. A combination of measures may be employed to avoid spreading of the disease from infected to clean animals and success is dependent on a variety of factors, including the strength and capacity of the veterinary services, cross border efforts for disease surveillance, political will, diagnostic facilities and financial support.
Highlights
Global trade in animals and animal products has grown significantly in recent years
Research on animal diseases and outbreak management carried out in different parts of the world at research institutes and universities is necessary and will continue being necessary for many years to come. It is for this reason that approaches to animal disease and outbreak management is constantly changing as new knowledge is gathered and new discoveries are made available to veterinarians
It is advised that decision makers in animal disease control should constantly evaluate the effectiveness of control measures employed and adjust them where necessary
Summary
Global trade in animals and animal products has grown significantly in recent years. The improvement of global transport systems makes it easier for animal products to be transported much faster and so can animal disease causing agents. Some that affect man are notorious for causing lower productivity For these reasons, it is important to prevent, control and eradicate animal diseases using a science-based approach. When disease control measures are undertaken, often some unintended impacts are experienced. These undesired results need to be monitored, measured and the cost thereof be determined so as to justify the choice of the measure employed. It is important to ensure that the interaction between wild animals and domesticated animals is limited as this interaction may have undesired effects on both. This interaction can be minimised in a number of ways including fences and movement control. Understanding of the epidemiology of animal diseases is a very significant consideration in animal disease outbreak control and prevention
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