Field practice of Scirpus mariqueter restoration in the bird habitats of Chongming Dongtan Wetland, China

Abstract

The coastal saltmarshes in China have been seriously degraded and artificial restoration strategies have become one of the primary measures to protect the coastal habitats. In this study, we investigated efficient restoration techniques for native saltmarsh plants in vacant habitats within the project area of the Ecological Control of Spartina alterniflora and Improvement of Birds Habitats in the Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Bird National Nature Reserve in the Yangtze Estuary. Through field and pilot experiments, we analyzed the effects of propagule types and transplanting methods on the restoration efficiency of Scirpus mariqueter, a dominant saltmarsh species in the Yangtze Estuary. We further evaluated the cost and efficiency of various restoration strategies. Our results indicated that: 1) The corm seedlings of S. mariqueter had higher flood tolerance, and were suitable for use in the habitats with higher environmental heterogeneity. 2) Across the four treatments for S. mariqueter restoration, the most economically efficient treatment was to transplant low-density corm seedlings without sediment, with an investment cost of approximately ￥10100 per hectare. The costs were ￥41100, ￥30000, and ￥120100 per hectare for high-density without sediment, low-density with sediment, and high-density with sediment restoration, respectively. 3) After nearly 5-yr efforts, the S. mariqueter community of Plot C3 in project area had achieved a coverage of over 60%, marking a relatively successful large-scale field restoration. This study could provide the foundation and support for large-scale coastal saltmarsh restoration projects.