Abstract
In this research effects of active toothed coulter on planter penetration in semi-dried soils covered with previous wheat (triticum aestivum) residue was studied. Therefore, effects of three levels of speed ratio (coulter peripheral speed/tractor forward speed; 1.22, 2, 3) at two previous residue levels (baled and non-baled) and two modes of planter attachment (with and without row cleaner) on the corn (zea mays) planting depth and its uniformity, amount of surface residue, emergence rate index and seed spacings indices were investigated. Results showed that planting depth and its uniformity increased significantly with increasing speed ratio, so that desired planting depth was obtained at speed ratio of 2. The emergence rate index decreased with increase in speed ratio mainly due to increase in seeding depth at higher speed ratios. Miss and precision indices decreased in a significant manner with increase in the speed ratio. Other results showed that planting with row cleaner attachment into baled-out residue plots at speed ratio of 2 resulted in 31% decrease in miss and 30% decrease in precision indices as compared to control (inactive coulter). Quality of feed index at same conditions was 72%, the increase was up to 11% as compared to control. No significant difference was found between speed ratios of 2 and 3 for all the parameters studied. The results suggests that the row crop planter equipped with active toothed coulter and row cleaner attachment can be satisfactorily used for direct corn planting in hard soils covered with previous crop residues.
Highlights
No-tillage or zero tillage is a farming system in which seeds are directly deposited into untilled soil retaining previous crop residues
Comparison of the data means on residue retained after planting operation (Table 2) showed that increase in speed ratio resulted in lower amount of residue retained which is mainly due to throwing of surface residue to both sides by the active coulter
Minimum amount of residue retained after planting operation was observed at speed ratio of 3
Summary
No-tillage or zero tillage is a farming system in which seeds are directly deposited into untilled soil retaining previous crop residues. Rolling cutting coulters are extensively used to cut plant residues left on the soil surface, and as to facilitate the work of tillage tools in reduced tillage or direct drilling practices. Bianchini & Magalhaes (2007) conducted experiments in a soil bin to evaluate the performance of toothed coulters in comparison with notched and smooth coulters, in cutting sugar cane residue in two working depths (80 and 100 mm). Their results showed that toothed coulter performed best, since that was more efficient than smooth and notched coulters in cutting crop residue. Planting depth and its uniformity, emergence rate index, amount of retained residue after planting and seed spacing indices will be considered in evaluation
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