Abstract
Integral energy distributions of field emitted singly and doubly charged metal ions (Cu +, Be +, Be ++, Ni +, Ni ++) are measured. Appearance Potentials AP n ( n = 1, 2) are derived from the onset of the energy distribution. With low emitter temperatures (≲300 K) experimental AP n values coincide with values calculated from the image hump model of field evaporation, both for singly and doubly charged species. With high emitter temperatures (≳900 K) AP 1 values of singly charged ions reflect the first ionization potential I 1 of gaseous metal atoms. A few ions display AP 1 values down to 5 eV below I 1. This is explained by field ionization of electron excited atoms.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
