Abstract
Drosophila suzukii, more commonly known as the spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), is an invasive pest of soft, thin-skinned fruit responsible for significant economic losses for growers worldwide. To detect and monitor this pest, several host attractants have been developed for use in trapping SWD; however, they lack selectivity. Therefore, there is a significant need for more selective monitoring devices to enable growers to make timely pest management decisions to properly protect vulnerable crops. Previous studies identified a quinary blend (QB), based on fermenting apple juice odors, which offers significantly higher selectivity by reducing non-target captures compared with the standard apple cider vinegar bait commonly used by growers in the orchards. In this study, the selectivity and efficacy of a home-made QB dispenser was compared to an industry formulated version of the QB components (ChemTica) and two commercially available (Scentry and Trécé) SWD dispensers across blueberry and raspberry fields in Maryland, West Virginia, and New Jersey in different seasons. Controlled-release dispensers of the QB (home-made and ChemTica) consistently had higher selectivity within the blueberry and raspberry field sites compared with the two commercial dispensers; although efficacy was compromised such that total SWD captures per trap tended to be lower. The selectivity ratio range of SWD to non-targets (all non-SWD) for a QB-based (ChemTica) dispenser averaged from 15 to 57% compared with other commercial dispensers that ranged from 1 to 30% based on location and year. Due to high selectivity of the controlled-release dispenser of the QB, the potential for this dispenser to be utilized by growers as a SWD detection and monitoring tool is high.
Highlights
IntroductionSpotted-wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive vinegar fly that inflicts significant damage to soft, thin-skinned berries and stone fruits worldwide (Beers et al, 2011; Hauser, 2011; Bellamy et al, 2013; Asplen et al, 2015) resulting in significant economic losses (Goodhue et al, 2011; Walsh et al, 2011; Farnsworth et al, 2017; spotted-wing drosophila (SWD) Attractants Field EvaluationYeh et al, 2020)
While ChemTica dispenser baited traps captured the fewest number of spotted-wing drosophila (SWD) per trap, both the quinary blend (QB) and ChemTica dispenser baited traps had the highest selectivity per trap compared to the other trap systems (Figure 2B)
During the summer and fall of 2017 and 2018, field trials were conducted to compare a QB of acetic acid, ethyl acetate, phenethyl alcohol, acetoin, and ethyl octanoate to the commercially available SWD dispensers made by Scentry and Trécé
Summary
Spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive vinegar fly that inflicts significant damage to soft, thin-skinned berries and stone fruits worldwide (Beers et al, 2011; Hauser, 2011; Bellamy et al, 2013; Asplen et al, 2015) resulting in significant economic losses (Goodhue et al, 2011; Walsh et al, 2011; Farnsworth et al, 2017; SWD Attractants Field EvaluationYeh et al, 2020). The commercially available Scentry (Scentry Biologicals, Inc., Billings, MT, United States) and Trécé (Trécé Inc., Adair, OK, United States) SWD dispensers were developed from a 4component blend of acetic acid, ethanol, acetoin, and methionol (Cha et al, 2014) This blend was shown to have higher efficacy compared to the standard apple cider vinegar bait (ACV; Cha et al, 2015); due to its relatively poor selectivity, indicated by high non-target captures, there is still a need for further lure development to improve SWD monitoring (Basoalto et al, 2013; Burrack et al, 2015; Mazzetto et al, 2015; Hamby and Becher, 2016; Feng et al, 2018; Tonina et al, 2018). Development of more selective lures or lures that can be highly attractive during the fruiting and non-fruiting periods to give growers an early warning of infestation is paramount for SWD control
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