Abstract
Field evaluation for the efficacy of indoxacarb, spinetoram and methoxyfenozide against larval instars of S. littoralis, infested clover plants Trifoliuma lexandrium was studied at two different Governorates (Al- Qalyubia and El- Fayoum) during cultivation season 2012 - 2013.All three insecticides, of indoxacarb, spinetoram and methoxyfenozide had no great difference among themselves in reducing the larval population of S. littoralis with difference in the time needed to induce this reduction according to the mode of action of these insecticides.The initial reductionwas recorded after 1 day from spraying for indoxacarb and spinetoram while after 3 days from spraying for methoxyfenozide. Indoxacarb was the most effective insecticide followed by methoxyfenozide and spinetoram.Under semi-field conditions, results showed that, at Al- Qalyubia Governorate, persistence of indoxacarb is higher than other tested insecticides while, the half life of all tested compounds is short at El-Fayoum Governorate.Tolerance to the toxicity of the three tested insecticides increased as the larvae grew older from 2 nd to 4 th instar.Biochemical clarification was carried out in an attempt to disclose the effect of sub-lethal concentration (LC50) of the three tested insecticides; on haemolymph contents of 6 th instar larvae of S. littoralis which was treated as 4 th larval instar with LC50 of the tested insecticides and their effects on main components of insect metabolites and changes in protein patterns.
Highlights
Egyptian clover, Trifoliuma lexanderium L. is considered the most important agricultural crop for Egyptian farmers because it is the principal food for their animals
Data presented in Table (1) showed the potency of those three commercial insecticides, indoxacarb, spinetoram and methoxyfenozideat Al-Qalyubia and Fayoum Governorates
At Al-Qalyubia Governorate indoxacarb achieved the highest reduction in number of different larval instars of S. littoralis infested clover plants by 97.98% followed by Spinetoram gave 89.59% whereas, Methoxyfenozide gave 66.78% reduction at zero time from application
Summary
Trifoliuma lexanderium L. is considered the most important agricultural crop for Egyptian farmers because it is the principal food for their animals. The cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis is the most serious and destructive pest that attacks all parts of Egyptian clover plant from seedling to harvest. It is a very harmful potential pest of many field crops and vegetables, causing highly economic losses in both greenhouses and open field on a broad range of ornamental, industrial and vegetable crops. To overcome the losses and to increase the yield, application of chemical insecticide is the most important (Aslam et al, 2004). New groups of chemical compounds are being tested against lepidopteran pests such as, indoxacarb (Steward 15% EC), spinetoram (Radiant 12% SC) and methoxyfenozide (Runner 24% SC)
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