Abstract
BackgroundInsecticide treated plastic sheeting (ITPS), sometimes known as durable lining, has potential as a long-lasting insecticidal surface for malaria vector control when used as lining for interior walls and ceilings inside the home. Against a backdrop of increasing long lasting net (LN) coverage, we examined the effect of combining permethrin-treated plastic sheeting (ITPS) with LNs in Burkina Faso.MethodsA verandah trap experimental hut trial of ITPS with or without Olyset LN was conducted in the Vallée du Kou near Bobo-Dioulasso, where the two molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae s.s., S (frequency 65%) and M (frequency 35%), occur. The S form is mostly pyrethroid resistant (Fkdr = 92%) owing to the kdr mechanism, and the M form is mostly kdr susceptible (Fkdr = 7%). The treatment arms included ITPS, Olyset, ITPS plus Olyset, ITPS plus untreated net (with or without holes), and untreated control.ResultsITPS was significantly inferior to Olyset LN in terms of mortality (37% vs 63%), blood feeding inhibition (20% vs 81%) and deterrence (0 vs 42%) effects, and hence altogether inferior as a means of personal protection (16% vs 89%). The addition of ITPS to Olyset did not improve mortality (62%), blood feeding inhibition (75%), deterrence (50%) or personal protection (88%) over that of Olyset used alone. Use of untreated nets - both holed and intact - with ITPS provided greater protection from blood-feeding. The intact net/ITPS combination killed more mosquitoes than ITPS on its own.ConclusionsAlthough ITPS has a potential role for community control of malaria, at low coverage it is unlikely to be as good as Olyset LNs for household protection. The combination of pyrethroid IRS and pyrethroid LN - as practiced in some countries - is unlikely to be additive except, perhaps, at high levels of IRS coverage. A combination of LN and ITPS treated with an alternative insecticide is likely to be more effective, particularly in areas of pyrethroid resistance.
Highlights
Insecticide treated plastic sheeting (ITPS), sometimes known as durable lining, has potential as a longlasting insecticidal surface for malaria vector control when used as lining for interior walls and ceilings inside the home
Insecticide treated plastic sheeting (ITPS) made of laminated polyethylene impregnated with pyrethroid is a promising new tool for malaria prevention and vector control in the domestic environment
In the previous evaluation of ITPS in experimental huts in Burkina Faso it showed good effect on the mortality rates of a mixed population of kdr resistant and susceptible Anopheles gambiae but limited effect on mosquito biting (27% blood feeding inhibition) presumably because the majority of mosquitoes fed on the human occupants before resting on the wall surfaces as is the norm for indoor residual spray treatment (IRS) treatments [3,5]; in IRS campaigns, the reduction of mosquito biting normally comes as a consequence of the reduction in mosquito longevity and population density at higher coverage levels
Summary
Insecticide treated plastic sheeting (ITPS), sometimes known as durable lining, has potential as a longlasting insecticidal surface for malaria vector control when used as lining for interior walls and ceilings inside the home. Against a backdrop of increasing long lasting net (LN) coverage, we examined the effect of combining permethrin-treated plastic sheeting (ITPS) with LNs in Burkina Faso. Many countries in malaria endemic Africa are currently scaling up the coverage of long lasting insecticidal nets (LNs). This malaria control effort is being supplemented by IRS campaigns in the more endemic foci in some countries. In most PMI countries the same category of insecticide as used on LNs (the pyrethroids) is being used for IRS treatments It is unclear whether this constitutes a wasteful duplication of resources or a combination intervention that is having double the impact
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