Abstract
After millions of years of evolution, biological chemical sensing systems (i.e., olfactory and taste systems) have become very powerful natural systems which show extreme high performances in detecting and discriminating various chemical substances. Creating field-effect sensors using biomaterials that are able to detect specific target chemical substances with high sensitivity would have broad applications in many areas, ranging from biomedicine and environments to the food industry, but this has proved extremely challenging. Over decades of intense research, field-effect sensors using biomaterials for chemical sensing have achieved significant progress and have shown promising prospects and potential applications. This review will summarize the most recent advances in the development of field-effect sensors using biomaterials for chemical sensing with an emphasis on those using functional biomaterials as sensing elements such as olfactory and taste cells and receptors. Firstly, unique principles and approaches for the development of these field-effect sensors using biomaterials will be introduced. Then, the major types of field-effect sensors using biomaterials will be presented, which includes field-effect transistor (FET), light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS), and capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) sensors. Finally, the current limitations, main challenges and future trends of field-effect sensors using biomaterials for chemical sensing will be proposed and discussed.
Highlights
Biological olfactory and taste systems are two main categories of natural chemical sensing systems, which play crucial roles for almost all the creatures in survival, feeding, and breeding [1,2,3,4,5]
In biological chemical sensing systems, the process of chemical signal detection is initialized by the special interactions between molecular detectors and specific chemical substances, which can trigger a cascade of intracellular biochemical reactions to convert the chemical signals into cellular responses such as cell membrane potential changes [45,46,47]
Biosensors based on field-effect devices (FEDs) have shown moremore and more attention
Summary
Biological olfactory and taste systems are two main categories of natural chemical sensing systems, which play crucial roles for almost all the creatures in survival, feeding, and breeding [1,2,3,4,5]. The key components of biological chemical sensing systems include functional biomaterials that are able to recognize specific chemical substances and transduce the sensed chemical signals into cellular and molecular responses [2,6,7]. These functional biomaterials, which are chemical sensitive cells and molecules, mainly include olfactory sensory neurons, olfactory receptors, taste cells, and taste receptors [16,17]. The excellent performances of functional biomaterials from biological chemical sensing systems are ideal candidates of sensitive elements for the development of field-effect sensors using biomaterials towards chemical sensing in complex environments [23,24]. The current limitations, main challenges and future trends of field-effect sensors using biomaterials for chemical sensing will be proposed and discussed
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