Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe sustainable control of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is compromised by the development of resistance to malathion and lambda‐cyhalothrin in Spanish field populations. At present, field populations remain susceptible to spinosad. However, the resistant strain JW‐100s has been obtained under laboratory selection with spinosad, and resistance has been associated with the presence of different mutations causing truncated transcripts of the α6 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRα6).RESULTSAn F1 screen assay followed by the molecular characterization of surviving flies has been used to search for spinosad‐resistant alleles in field populations. Two different resistant alleles giving rise to truncated isoforms of Ccα6 have been identified, which corresponds to an estimated allelic frequency of at least 0.0023–0.0046. The fitness values of the resistant nAChRα6 alleles found in the laboratory strain JW‐100s were estimated to be 0.4 for RR and 0.2 for SR. Mathematical modelling predicted that spinosad‐resistant alleles will rapidly decline over time in field populations if their fitness cost was the same as estimated for laboratory‐resistant alleles. However, they are predicted to increase in the field if their fitness cost is lower and resistance management strategies are not implemented.CONCLUSIONSpinosad‐resistant alleles have been detected in field populations for the first time. Our modelling simulations indicate that the best option to delay the appearance of spinosad resistance would be its rotation with other insecticides without cross‐resistance. The integrated F1 screen/molecular genetic analysis presented here can be used for future monitoring studies. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Highlights
Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), known as the Mediterranean fruit fly, is considered one of the main insect pests for fruits due to the significant losses it causes to agriculture
In Spain, control practices against medfly rely on the use of insecticides, which is combined with the sterile insect technique (SIT) in some areas
We developed an F1 screen assay followed by a molecular characterization of Cc⊍6 in spinosad surviving flies to identify resistant alleles in the field
Summary
Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), known as the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), is considered one of the main insect pests for fruits due to the significant losses it causes to agriculture. Applications of insecticides in citrus crops mainly consist of spinosad and lambda-cyhalothrin as bait sprays, and deltamethrin in lure and kill traps.[1] the sustainability of this control strategy is threatened by the development of insecticide resistance,[2] which has already been reported for malathion[3,4] and lambda-cyhalothrin.[5] Monitoring of Spanish field populations performed in previous years found that all the analyzed populations were highly susceptible to spinosad.[6] an extremely highly resistant strain (JW-100s, about 2000-fold) has been obtained by laboratory selection from a field-derived population.[6] In this context, the implementation of insecticide resistance management (IRM). The sustainable control of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is compromised by the development of resistance to malathion and lambda-cyhalothrin in Spanish field populations. The resistant strain JW-100s has been obtained under laboratory selection with spinosad, and resistance has been associated with the presence of different mutations causing truncated transcripts of the ⊍6 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR⊍6)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
