Field and geochronological evidence for origin of the Contendas-Mirante supracrustal Belt, São Francisco Craton, Brazil, as a Paleoproterozoic foreland basin

Abstract

The low-grade Contendas-Mirante meta-volcano-sedimentary belt (CMB) was previously interpreted as an Archean greenstone belt with the uppermost formation deposited in the Paleoproterozoic. New zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS ages on sedimentary groups and granite sheets intrusive in the belt constrain the timing of basin development. Phyllites of the Lower Group and meta-arenites of the Upper Group yielded similar young zircon populations at ca. 2080Ma, which are interpreted as the maximum deposition age for the entire sequence. The unique exception is the 3273–3338Ma zircon-bearing quartzite that occurs in spatial association with the 3300Ma rhyolite. A granite sheet intrusive into metagraywacke of the Lower Group constrains the minimum deposition age of 2045±26Ma for the CMB. Altogether four main age clusters of detrital zircon grains were recognized, namely 2075–2200Ma, 2200–2440Ma, 2500–2770Ma, 3270–3380Ma. These age intervals match the ages of igneous and metamorphic rocks in the different terranes that comprise the São Francisco craton. Maximum deposition age for both groups indicates that sedimentation occurred immediately prior the high-grade metamorphism in the adjacent Archean-Paleoproterozoic Jequié Block and Itabuna-Salvador-Curaçá Orogen. These observations, along with coarsening upwards in the sediments, indicate that the CMB represents a foreland basin developed along the eastern margin of the Gavião Block during plate convergence. Paleoarchean basement rocks were reactivated and emplaced into the CMB during basin inversion and is timely correlated with the granitic intrusion. Recognition of older supracrustal fragments is ambiguous, one main example is the 3273–3338Ma zircon-bearing quartzite, which correlates with the northern Jacobina basin along the Contendas-Mirante lineament (e.g., Bahia gold belt) and may represent part of an Archean intracontinental rift sequence.