Abstract
Background:Maternal cigarette smoking causes health risks and developmental defects in the offspring. So far, many studies have been conducted to suppress the effects of nicotine. However, the effects of coadministration of vitamin C and nicotine on extracellular matrix have not gained enough attention.Objectives:This study decided to investigate the effects of vitamin C on fibronectin expression in kidneys of mice offspring, treated with nicotine.Materials and Methods:Eighteen female pregnant BALB/c mice were selected; six mice in the experimental group 1 (exp 1) received nicotine (3 mg/kg/day), six mice in the experimental group 2 (exp 2) received 3 mg/kg/day nicotine and 9 mg/kg/day vitamin C simultaneously, and six were used as the control group and received 3 mL/kg/day normal saline via intraperitoneal (IP) injection parallel to other groups, since the 6th day of gestation to the end of prenatal period. In the first days of delivery, fibronectin content of neonatal kidneys was studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay and gene expression was studied by the real-time PCR.Results:IHC results showed that fibronectin reaction significantly increased in proximal convoluted tubules of exp 1 compared with the control offspring; on the other hand, fibronectin reaction decreased in the mice offspring of exp 2. Gene expression results showed that fibronectin expression in the exp 1 offspring significantly increased compared with the control ones and fibronectin expression decreased in the mice offspring of exp 2.Conclusions:This study revealed that vitamin C could reduce the fibronectin accumulation effects of nicotine on kidney.
Highlights
Maternal cigarette smoking causes health risks and developmental defects in the offspring
This study showed that accumulation of fibronectin increased in the cortex of mice offspring kidneys after nicotine exposure in the prenatal period
; we suggest that nicotine may change the normal function and structure of kidney extracellular matrix
Summary
Maternal cigarette smoking causes health risks and developmental defects in the offspring. Objectives: This study decided to investigate the effects of vitamin C on fibronectin expression in kidneys of mice offspring, treated with nicotine. Gene expression results showed that fibronectin expression in the exp 1 offspring significantly increased compared with the control ones and fibronectin expression decreased in the mice offspring of exp 2. Conclusions: This study revealed that vitamin C could reduce the fibronectin accumulation effects of nicotine on kidney. Nicotine readily crosses the placenta and its concentrations in serum, amniotic fluid and fetus body are higher in smoking mothers It gets accumulated in embryonic organs such as kidney [2]. A recent investigation has demonstrated that nicotine enhances renal diseases and increases the rate of oxidative stress in mice [7] Neurodevelopment defects resulting from fetal nicotine significantly decreased with vitamin C consumption [16]
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