Fibronectin as a predictor of preeclampsia

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Since preeclampsia first emerged a few centuries ago, a substantial portion of humanity has been tormented by this disease, which has jeopardized and disrupted mankind. Numerous biological markers, including ENDOGLIN, PIGF (placental growth factor), SFLT 1(soluble fms like-tyrosine kinase 1), and PAPP-A (pregnancy associated plasma protein-A), suggest preeclampsia. It was beneficial for detecting preeclampsia, even if there was frequent mortality and morbidity among mothers because of the anticipated latency. Then another marker, fibronectin, was added to the picture. A better preeclampsia prognosis leads substantially to an overall decrease in maternal morbidity and mortality. The primary organ that manufactures circulating fibronectin, occasionally referred to as serum fibronectin, is the liver. To enable the extracellular and intracellular matrix to communicate and regulate cell behavior, fibronectin, an extracellular matrix element, primarily interacts with integrin receptors. Fibronectin is a diagnostic marker for a variety of ailments, such as muscular dystrophy, ovarian and stomach cancers, and gestational diabetes. Inflammatory changes result in the release of fibronectin into the bloodstream, and the main triggering factor of preeclampsia is the infiltration of various trophoblasts that injures endothelial tissues and induces inflammation. Therefore, the primary goal of our study was to establish that fibronectin is a biomarker of preeclampsia. To elucidate our perspective and evaluate whether fibronectin is relevant in preeclampsia prediction, we will conduct a qualitative evaluation of prior research and juxtapose it with the findings of the present study. Thus, early detection of preeclampsia could decrease the rate of maternal mortality and morbidity.