Fibroblast Viability Through Mechanical and Chemical Root Surface Modifications in Periodontal Healing: An In Vitro Comparative Study.

Abstract

The wound-healing process incorporates a spectrum of periodontal therapeutic interventions that strive to restore the health and function of the periodontium. Fibroblasts play pivotal roles in tissue repair and regeneration. Extensive research has been focused on mechanical and chemical root surface modifications to enhance fibroblast adhesion, which is crucial for successful wound healing. This study aimed to assess the combined efficacy of mechanical and chemical root surface modifications in promoting fibroblast viability to root surfaces affected by periodontitis in comparison to chemical modifications alone. Root samples were collected from healthy individuals and those with advanced periodontitis. The specimens were prepared, and the experimental groups were categorized based on the type of surface modification with mechanical and/or chemical materials, including hyaluronic acid (HA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA), enamel matrix derivatives (EMD), and EDTA/EMD. Fibroblasts were seeded onto previously treated root samples. Cell adhesion was assessed using a viability assay. Fibroblast viability was significantly higher on root surfaces treated with chemical agents than on those treated with mechanical and chemical modifications. Long-duration EDTA and short-duration EMD treatments were significantly effective in enhancing cell viability. EDTA/EMD surface treatments resulted in significantly higher cell viability in all groups compared to the periodontitis root surfaces. EDTA, EMD, and their combined application can potentially ameliorate periodontitis-induced surface structural impairments. Mechanical surface debridement can significantly affect the effectiveness of EDTA and EMD root conditioning agents.