Abstract
FGFs are a family of structurally related 22 proteins that play various roles in health and disease. FGFs have been classified as intracrine, paracrine, and endocrine FGFs. Paracrine FGFs are mainly involved in development and repair by activating FGF receptors with heparin/heparan sulfate as a co-factors. Endocrine FGFs mainly play roles in metabolism by activating FGF receptors with αKlotho or βKlotho as a co-factor. In contrast, intracrine FGFs are involved in neuronal functions by actions that are independent of FGF receptors. FGF gene mutations have also been shown to result in various developmental, metabolic, and neurological diseases and cancers.
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