Fibrinogen Magdeburg I: a novel variant of human fibrinogen with an amino acid exchange in the fibrinopeptide A (Aα 9, Leu→Pro)

Abstract

Introduction: The exchange of Aα 16, Arg for Cys or His is the most common molecular defect in dysfibrinogenemia directly affecting the thrombin cleavage site involved in fibrinopeptide A (FPA) release. Other amino acid exchanges within the fibrinopeptide A have been only rarely reported. Materials and methods: In clinically asymptomatic dysfibrinogenemic patients with low functional plasma fibrinogen (Fg) levels and prolonged thrombin time but normal or slightly prolonged batroxobin (reptilase) time, mutation analysis was carried out by direct sequencing of the coding regions of the three fibrinogen genes. Isolated fibrinogen was functionally characterized for thrombin- or batroxobin-induced fibrinopeptide release and fibrin formation. Fibrinogen and fibrinopeptides were structurally studied by electrophoretic techniques or high-performance liquid chromatography. Results and conclusions: Molecular analysis revealed heterozygosity for a novel missense mutation T1182C in the FGA gene causing the amino acid exchange Aα 9, Leu→Pro. Fibrin generation induced by thrombin was moderately impaired, whereas batroxobin-induced fibrin formation was almost normal. Release of the abnormal fibrinopeptide A by thrombin was delayed but fibrin monomer aggregation was almost normal. Cleavage of Aα chains by batroxobin was only slightly delayed. Fibrinopeptides A of the patient fibrinogen did not show any gross abnormality in chromatographic behaviour. This new molecular variant designated fibrinogen Magdeburg I supports the view that amino acid residue Leu-9 in the Aα chain as part of a small hydrophobic cluster is involved in the interaction with an apolar binding site of thrombin, thus adding to our understanding of the thrombin–fibrinogen interaction crucial in coagulation.