Fibrinogen concentrate in the treatment of severe bleeding after aortic aneurysm graft surgery

Abstract

Aortic aneurysm graft surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass is often associated with substantial coagulopathic perioperative bleeding, requiring hemostatic intervention with allogeneic blood products, such as fresh frozen plasma, platelet concentrate, and red blood cells. We conducted a pilot study to determine the effects of fibrinogen concentrate in patients with microvascular bleeding during aortic valve surgery with ascending aorta replacement. Dosing of fibrinogen concentrate was individualized based on thromboelastometry. First-line therapy with fibrinogen concentrate reduced the need for allogeneic blood product support, including transfusions of fresh frozen plasma, platelet concentrate, and red blood cells. Similar results were seen in a second cohort study conducted in patients undergoing thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery: patients who received fibrinogen concentrate required significantly less allogeneic blood product support following surgery. These results prompted the initiation of a randomized placebo-controlled trial in patients undergoing thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery, aortic valve surgery with ascending aorta replacement, or aortic arch surgery. Results are expected to be published soon. Larger, multicenter studies are needed to determine the exact role of fibrinogen concentrate in the management of perioperative bleeding following cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass.