Fibrin hydrogel incorporated with graphene oxide functionalized nanocomposite scaffolds for bone repair — In vitro and in vivo study

Abstract

Conventional bone repair therapies like the autologous and allogenic bone grafts have failed to meet challenges in bone reconstruction along with complications. Tissue engineering (TE) has emerged as a developing treatment regimen in regenerating damaged tissues rather than replacing them. In TE, biomaterials act as template for damaged tissues and function as artificial extracellular matrix (ECM), facilitating new tissue formation. Since single type biomaterial has unsuccessful regeneration properties, focus on using composites of natural and synthetic biomaterials is encouraged. In the current study, we have evaluated the potential of a graphene-based nano-composite scaffold as a biomaterial to enhance bone tissue regeneration. The findings demonstrate that the scaffold with Graphene oxide (GO) exhibits enhanced levels of biocompatibility, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposits, thereby emphasizing the hypothesis that fabricated nanocomposite scaffolds are promising osteoinductive products for bone repair/regeneration.