Fibrillar Nanomembranes of Recombinant Spider Silk Protein Support Cell Co-culture in an In Vitro Blood Vessel Wall Model.

Abstract

Basement membrane is a thin but dense network of self-assembled extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibrils that anchors and physically separates epithelial/endothelial cells from the underlying connective tissue. Current replicas of the basement membrane utilize either synthetic or biological polymers but have not yet recapitulated its geometric and functional complexity highly enough to yield representative in vitro co-culture tissue models. In an attempt to model the vessel wall, we seeded endothelial and smooth muscle cells on either side of 470 ± 110 nm thin, mechanically robust, and nanofibrillar membranes of recombinant spider silk protein. On the apical side, a confluent endothelium formed within 4 days, with the ability to regulate the permeation of representative molecules (3 and 10 kDa dextran and IgG). On the basolateral side, smooth muscle cells produced a thicker ECM with enhanced barrier properties compared to conventional tissue culture inserts. The membranes withstood 520 ± 80 Pa pressure difference, which is of the same magnitude as capillary blood pressure in vivo. This use of protein nanomembranes with relevant properties for co-culture opens up for developing advanced in vitro tissue models for drug screening and potent substrates in organ-on-a-chip systems.