Abstract
Composites have been found to be the most promising and discerning material available in this century. Presently, composites reinforced with fibers of synthetic or natural materials are gaining more importance as demands for lightweight materials with high strength for specific applications are growing in the market. Fiber-reinforced polymer composite offers not only high strength to weight ratio, but also reveals exceptional properties such as high durability; stiffness; damping property; flexural strength; and resistance to corrosion, wear, impact, and fire. These wide ranges of diverse features have led composite materials to find applications in mechanical, construction, aerospace, automobile, biomedical, marine, and many other manufacturing industries. Performance of composite materials predominantly depends on their constituent elements and manufacturing techniques, therefore, functional properties of various fibers available worldwide, their classifications, and the manufacturing techniques used to fabricate the composite materials need to be studied in order to figure out the optimized characteristic of the material for the desired application. An overview of a diverse range of fibers, their properties, functionality, classification, and various fiber composite manufacturing techniques is presented to discover the optimized fiber-reinforced composite material for significant applications. Their exceptional performance in the numerous fields of applications have made fiber-reinforced composite materials a promising alternative over solitary metals or alloys.
Highlights
Rapid growth in manufacturing industries has led to the need for the betterment of materials in terms of strength, stiffness, density, and lower cost with improved sustainability
The results showed an increase in stiffness, damping ratio, and mass per unit area of the material due to increase in transmission loss, as the material possesses high sound absorption properties [83,84]
The pultrusion process can bea explained (Figure 9) aswith strands of continuous fibers are pulled for fabrication of composites with constant cross-section a relatively longer length; it enables through a resin bath, which are further consolidated in a heated die
Summary
Rapid growth in manufacturing industries has led to the need for the betterment of materials in terms of strength, stiffness, density, and lower cost with improved sustainability. Research studies from the past two decades have presented composites as an alternative over many conventional materials as there is a significant enhancement in the structural, mechanical, and tribological properties of fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) material [9,10,11]. Many researchers got success by developing optimized composite materials for efficient use in particular applications by varying fiber content, its orientation, size, or manufacturing processes. FRCs are currently being employed in copious fields of applications due to their significant mechanical properties These composite materials sometimes depart from their designed specifications as some defects, such as manufacturing defects, cause them to deviate from the expected enhancement in mechanical properties. Techniques use robot assistance for processing, which leads to complete automation and an immense rise in productivity [30]
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