Fiberoptic-Coupled Spectrofluorometer with Array Detection as a Process Analytical Chemistry Tool for Continuous Flow Monitoring of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics.

Nader Shokoufi,Mahsa Khatibeghdami,Maryam Vosough,Atefeh Abbasi-Ahd,Mona Rahimzadegan-Asl

doi:10.1155/2020/2921417

Abstract

Nowadays, there is an increasing need for sensitive real-time measurements of various analytes and monitoring of industrial products and environmental processes. Herein, we describe a fluorescence spectrometer in continuous flow mode in which the sample is fed to the flow cell using a peristaltic pump. The excitation beam is introduced to the sample chamber by an optical fiber. The fluorescence emitted upon excitation is collected at the right angle using another optical fiber and then transmitted to the fluorescence spectrometer which utilizes an array detector. The array detection, as a key factor in process analytical chemistry, made the fluorescence spectrometer suited for multiwavelength detection of the fluorescence spectrum of the analytes. After optimization of the experimental parameters, the system has been successfully employed for sensitive determination of four fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. The linear dynamic ranges of four fluoroquinolones were between 0.25 and 20 μg·mL−1, and the detection limit of the method for ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin were 81, 36, 35, and 93 ng·mL−1, respectively. Finally, the proposed system is carried out for determination of fluoroquinolones in some pharmaceutical formulations.

Highlights

The Process Analytical Chemistry (PAC) is the application of analytical chemistry using specific techniques, algorithms, and sampling equipment which addresses the problems of chemical processes [1, 2]
The same procedure of sample preparation was repeated for measuring eye drops of ciprofloxacin 0.3%
The emission spectrums of various standard solutions of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin were recorded at the optimized conditions (Figure 4)

Summary

Introduction

The Process Analytical Chemistry (PAC) is the application of analytical chemistry using specific techniques, algorithms, and sampling equipment which addresses the problems of chemical processes [1, 2]. In traditional analytical process, sampling was carried out manually, and these samples were transferred to quality control laboratories [3]. Sometimes this approach was harmful, dangerous and expensive, and did not result in good data in terms of accuracy. It became clear that real-time measurements would provide time information in a process, so instead of offline measurements, continuous flow analytical devices were applied for online monitoring [4,5,6,7,8]. The main objective of this study is to develop a method for chemical analysis and monitoring of four fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin) at continuous flow mode using a fiberoptic fluorescence array detecting system in pharmaceutical products

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Method

Conclusions