Fiber-based photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with a dual-function 1050-nm interrogation source.

Abstract

.Significance: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) offers depth-resolved imaging of optical scattering contrast but is limited in sensitivity to optical absorption. Dual-modality imaging combined with the noncontact absorption contrast of photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS) microscopy can augment SD-OCT applications with specific molecular and functional contrasts in an all-optical, fiber-based platform.Aim: To develop a fiber-based multimodal PARS and SD-OCT imaging system, which efficiently uses a common 1050-nm light source for SD-OCT and PARS interrogation.Approach: PARS microscopy has predominantly utilized a 1310-nm interrogation light source to date. Hence, a recent dual-modality PARS and 1050-nm SD-OCT imaging system required three distinct wavelengths including a 532-nm PARS excitation, necessitating a free-space optical architecture with discrete subsystems. Here, we validate the first use of a 1050-nm interrogation wavelength for PARS. This enables the transition to fiber-based interferometry as is standard in modern SD-OCT systems, though infeasible with inclusion of an additional 1310-nm wavelength. PARS interrogation functionality is integrated using a broadband optical circulator.Results: Dual-modality imaging is demonstrated in carbon fiber phantoms and a mouse ear in vivo. SD-OCT provided a lateral resolution, axial resolution in air, and of sensitivity, and PARS contributed 532-nm optical absorption contrast with a 47-dB SNR, and lateral and axial resolutions of 2.4 and , respectively. Total interrogation power was reduced from 90% to 58% of the ANSI limit compared to a previous three-wavelength approach.Conclusions: Adapting PARS to use the 1050-nm SD-OCT light source for interrogation enabled implementation of a fiber-based dual-modality system configuration, with image quality maintained. This will facilitate development of potential applications demanding handheld, catheter-based, or endoscopic form factors.