Fiber type and fiber size of cat ankle, knee, and hip extensors and flexors following low thoracic spinal cord transection at an early age

Abstract

Effects of low thoracic spinal transection on muscle weights, fiber type distributions, and fiber cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of selected cat hind limb mixed-fast flexors and extensors and slow extensors were studied. Cats were spinalized at T12 at 2 weeks of age and maintained for 6 to 12 months. In general spinalization resulted in a decrease in muscle weights of extensors, while the weights of those muscles that function as either flexors or as both flexors and extensors were maintained. The percentages of fast-twitch [fast glycolytic (FG) and fast oxidative-glycolytic (FOG)] fibers increased and slow oxidative (SO) fibers decreased as a result of spinalization. However, FG fibers had a smaller CSA after spinal transection in both extensors and flexors. The total relative CSA of FG fibers per whole muscle was similar in spinalized and control cats. The relative muscle CSA occupied by SO fibers decreased in extensors and flexors as a result of a lower proportion of SO fibers and/or smaller SO fibers in spinalized cats. These findings suggest that muscles become more “fast-like” histochemically while little change occurs in the oxidative staining properties in either extensors or flexors in 6- to 12-month-old cats transected at 2 weeks of age. Further, these data suggest that the amount of muscle atrophy that occurs as a result of spinal transection is not closely related to the percentage reduction in SO fibers.