Abstract
An optical-fiber sensor based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for relative humidity (RH) measurement in the water absorption band at 2 µm. The sensor head is formed by a dual biconical fiber coated with agarose gel. Both the simulation and experimental results show that the proposed sensor is more sensitive to refractive index in the 2 µm waveband compared with the 1.5 µm waveband. Furthermore, we applied the sensor for humidity sensing. The results show that the sensor is very sensitive to humidity due to strong water absorption and weaker field confinement in the fiber core in the 2 µm waveband. The sensitivity achieved in our experiment was 231 pm/% RH, which was 3.5 times higher than for that sensor at 1.5 µm.
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