Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine the physicochemical characteristics of fiber residues from Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) obtained by two technological processes. The proximal composition of the fiber residues from Canavalia ensiformis registered values of moisture, ash, protein, fat, fiber and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) of 7.14%, 3.17%, 9.14%, 1.34%, 23.84% and 62.51% for residue A and 4.74%, 2.68%, 7.73%, 1.39%, 23.76% and 64.44% for residue B. Total dietary fiber (TDF) contents in the fiber residues were 47.06 (Residue A) and 54.96 (Residue B) g/100g sample, with most of this content represented by insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) 45.46 g/100g sample in Residue A and 52.75 g/100g of sample in Residue B. The remainder was constituted by soluble dietary fiber (SDF). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content was slightly higher in residue B (41.8 g/100g sample). Acid detergent fiber (ADF) that includes principally cellulose, lignin and cutin, and acid detergent lignin (ADL) that include lignin and cutin were higher in residue B (32.5 g/100g sample) and similar for both residues (1.0 (A) and 1.2 (B) g/100g sample), respectively. Resistant starch (RS) was higher in residue B (0.607%) than in residue A (0.358%). No statistical difference (p > 0.05) was registered in the tannins content of both residues. However, the phytates content was higher in the fiber residue obtained by the fists technological process (A residue). In vitro digestibility was higher in residue A (85.81%) than that in B residue (81.51%). The results of the present study suggest the potential use of C. ensiformis fiber residues as a functional ingredient in foods, especially in the development of reduced calorie food and dietary fiber enriched foods.
Highlights
The genus Canavalia encompasses a group of 48 species distributed throughout the tropics
The crude fiber content was similar for C. ensiformis fiber residues obtained for different technological process and had high amounts of crude fiber and carbohydrates
Considering the primary nutrient composition of the C. ensiformis fiber residues, these could be used as functional foods
Summary
The genus Canavalia encompasses a group of 48 species distributed throughout the tropics. For Canavalia ensiformis, two technological processes have been reported for integral use of seeds and obtaining protein concentrates, starch and fiber residues. Both methods are based on protein solubility at isoelectric point. The rapidly growing food industry demands new ingredients This has drawn the attention of researchers to legume components suited for wet-fractionation. Given the demand of the food industry for new functional ingredients, it is worthwhile to characterize the Canavalia ensiformis fiber with a view toward establishing its possible uses and adding values to this legume seed. The objective of this research was to determine the chemical components of fiber residues of Canavalia ensiformis by two technological processes
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