Abstract
In this paper, an improved whale algorithm to optimize pump power and wavelengths of second-order fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) has been proposed. Adopted by the strategies of adaptive gradients and reverse learning, the normal whale algorithm is greatly improved. An optimized FRA is designed based on the six-wavelength backward pump structure. Compared by optimizing both wavelength and power with optimizing only power, the gain flatness curves of the two algorithms, the optimal combination scheme, and the corresponding noise characteristics are got. A 6-pumped FRA has been designed in which the error of on-off gain is 0.08% and the ripple is only 0.18dB.
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