Abstract
The detection of acoustic signals in the Martian environment is significant to understand the issues such as the evolution of the universe, structure of matter, origin of life, and future migration of humans. We proposed a method for testing ultrasonic wave by using fiber-optic Fabry-Perot vibration sensors in a low-pressure CO 2 environment. We conducted high-precision sound wave amplitude and speed measurement tests with different center frequencies at 21, 25, 34, and 40 kHz under different gas compositions, pressures, and distances. Results showed that under the conditions of 15 °C and gas pressure in the range of 600 Pa to 1 MPa, the measured average sound velocity of ultrasonic signals at each frequency was 268.79 m/s in the CO 2 environment, which was lower than the velocity of 336.18 m/s measured in the air environment. The results in this study can be applied to theoretical and experimental studies of future Mars probes pertaining to ultrasonic positioning and detection.
Highlights
Mars is one of the most worthy planets to study in the solar system
Based on the application requirements of ultrasonic sensing technology in the atmosphere of Mars, we established a set of measurement system of low-pressure gas ultrasonic sound velocity to measure acoustic signals under different conditions of gas and pressure from 600 Pa to 1 MPa
Theoretical calculations and a large number of experimental results show that the diaphragm-type optical fiber F-P vibration sensor can adapt to low-pressure environments while still receiving ultrasonic signals in 600 Pa CO2 gas
Summary
Mars is one of the most worthy planets to study in the solar system. Characterizing the Martian environment is of great significance to understand the issues such as the evolution of the universe, structure of matter, origin of life, and future migration of humans. Under the test conditions of different pressures and distances, the acoustic signals measured by the optical fiber F-P sensor are shown, where S0 is the excitation signal of the sound source, and S1 is the detection signal of the F-P sensor.
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