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Abstract
We present a new fiber-based polarization diversity detection (PDD) scheme for polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT). This implementation uses a new custom miniaturized polarization-maintaining fiber coupler with single mode (SM) fiber inputs and polarization maintaining (PM) fiber outputs. The SM fiber inputs obviate matching the optical lengths of the two orthogonal OCT polarization channels prior to interference while the PM fiber outputs ensure defined orthogonal axes after interference. Advantages of this detection scheme over those with bulk optics PDD include lower cost, easier miniaturization, and more relaxed alignment and handling issues. We incorporate this PDD scheme into a galvanometer-scanned OCT system to demonstrate system calibration and PSOCT imaging of an achromatic quarter-wave plate, fingernail in vivo, and chicken breast, salmon, cow leg, and basa fish muscle samples ex vivo.
Highlights
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an interferometric technique that can image tissue morphology with less than 10 μm axial resolution and more than 1 mm of sub-surface imagingPhotonics 2014, 1 depth [1−3]
We have previously demonstrated the utility of this polarization diversity detection (PDD) scheme for reducing polarization artefacts in fiber optic rotary probe OCT imaging [38]
50/50 coupler (PMFC, shown in detail in the inset) with single mode (SM) fiber inputs and polarization maintaining (PM) fiber outputs. In this custom micro-optic PMFC ordered from AFW Technologies (Hallamn Australia), the optical beam entering either port 1 or 3 is collimated by dual fiber collimators (DFC) and is divided into two roughly equal beams by a non-polarizing beamsplitter (50/50 BS in the inset), which are subsequently coupled to output ports 2 and 4 with DFCs
Summary
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an interferometric technique that can image tissue morphology with less than 10 μm axial resolution and more than 1 mm of sub-surface imagingPhotonics 2014, 1 depth [1−3]. Image contrast in structural OCT imaging is generated by tissue scattering and reflection due to refractive index interfaces. A wealth of information can be gained from purely structural OCT imaging, the desire for more detailed tissue differentiation has given rise to various. One such extension, polarization-sensitive OCT (PSOCT), can provide information about tissue birefringence, diattenuation, optic axis orientation, and depolarization by analyzing the polarization state of back-scattered light. Some preliminary clinical applications of PSOCT imaging include the determination of burn depth in vivo [4], the measurement of collagen and smooth muscle cell content in atherosclerotic plaques [5], the differentiation of benign lesions from malignant lesions in the larynx [6], and the detection of nerve fiber bundle loss in glaucoma [7,8]
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