Abstract
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) has been identified as one of the most serious human rights violations women are exposed to in many countries, in spite of national and international efforts. The actual implementation of preventive strategies and support of victims faces a number of challenges that can only be addressed by an interdisciplinary approach integrating public health and legal considerations. FGM in the context of women as refugees who left their country to escape FGM has rarely been covered in this context. This article summarizes the most important international standards and initiatives against FGM, highlights the medical, legal, and psychological factors identified so far, and explores the interdisciplinary considerations in changing a country and society to permit safe return of those escaping FGM to third countries and support public health in the country.
Highlights
The study by Dattijo, for example, showed that 31.3% of a sample of expecting mothers in a teaching hospital in Nigeria had suffered Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), and in most cases it was reportedly performed by traditional healers [24]
Recompense of necessary treatment costs must be seen as a main goal, as most countries with widespread FGM practices do not have comprehensive free healthcare plans in public health
These may be less of a problem in cases where healthcare professionals receive a substantial income through FGM or by other means, and it could be proposed that those profiting from illegal FGM should contribute to resolution of the damage caused by their actions, at least if FGM was illegal at the time it was performed
Summary
Thomas Wenzel 1,2, *, Jan Ilhan Kizilhan 3,4 , Reem Alksiri 1,2 , Daniela Dörfler 5 , Eva Jana Messerschmidt 6 and Anthony Fu Chen 1. CEHRI, The Centre for the Enforcement of Human Rights International, Schwarzspanierstraße 15/1/17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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