Abstract
The prognosis of advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma is extremely unsatisfactory, mainly owing to few treatment options and poor responses to conventional chemotherapy regimens.1 Since 2007, advances in next-generation sequencing have substantially improved the ability to understand the complex molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of cholangiocarcinoma.2 The most promising target for cholangiocarcinoma identified in recent years is the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling pathway, which consists of 22 human FGFs and four transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases (FGF receptors [FGFRs] 1–4).
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