FFConv

Abstract

Image classification is known to be one of the most challenging problems in the domain of computer vision. Significant research is being done on developing systems and algorithms improving accuracy, performance, area, and power consumption for related problems. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown to give outstanding accuracies for problems such as image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. While CNNs are pioneering the development of high accuracy systems, their excessive computational complexity presents a barrier for a more permeated deployment. Although Graphical Processing Units (GPUs), due to their massively parallel architecture, have shown to give performance orders of magnitude better than general purpose processors, the former are limited by their high power consumption and generality. Consequently, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are being explored to implement CNN architectures, as they also provide massively parallel logic resources but with a relatively lower power consumption than GPUs. In this article, we present FFConv, an efficient FPGA-based fast convolutional layer accelerator for CNNs. We design a pipelined, high-throughput convolution engine based on the Winograd minimal filtering (also called Fast Convolution) algorithms for computing the convolutional layers of three popular CNN architectures: VGG16, Alexnet, and Shufflenet. We implement our accelerator on a Virtex-7 FPGA platform where we exploit the computational parallelization to the maximum while exploring optimizations aimed at improving performance. The resultant design loses only 0.43%, 0.47%, and 0.61% Top-1 classification accuracy for VGG16, Alexnet, and Shufflenet-v1, respectively, while significantly improving throughput, resource, and power efficiency compared to previous state-of-the-art designs.