Abstract
We analyze the ground state of a two-dimensional quantum system of a few strongly confined dipolar bosons. Dipoles arrange in different stable structures that depend on the tilting polarization angle and the anisotropy of the confining trap. To this end, we use the exact diffusion Monte Carlo method and the quantum results are compared with classical ones obtained by stochastic optimization using simulated annealing. We establish the stability domains for the different patterns and estimate the transition boundaries delimiting them. Our results show significant differences between the classical and quantum regimes which are mainly due to the quantum kinetic energy.
Highlights
Research in the field of cold quantum gases has been of major interest since the achievement in 1995 of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) states of rubidium and sodium atoms at ultralow temperatures [1,2,3]
We focus on the N = 3 and N = 4 cases and compare the quantum results obtained with the diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method with classical ones derived from simulated annealing optimizations
Using the DMC method, that allows for an exact description of Bose quantum systems, we have studied the different structures that appear when a few-body system of dipoles (N = 3 and N = 4) is harmonically con
Summary
Research in the field of cold quantum gases has been of major interest since the achievement in 1995 of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) states of rubidium and sodium atoms at ultralow temperatures [1,2,3]. In a more general sense, the anisotropy of the interaction is expected to affect most, if not all, the static and dynamic properties of the system This includes the geometry of the crystal formed when brought to the solid phase, as in the classical case [22], and equivalently the spatial arrangement of a few-body dipolar system in the presence of a confining trap. A previous study based on exact diagonalization [22] has shown that already a three-particle system of (bosonic or fermionic) confined dipoles in quasi-2D geometries arrange in different spatial configurations as a function of the tilting angle. We study the effects of the anisotropy of the dipolar interaction in a harmonically confined two-dimensional few-body boson system.
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