Fetal syndromes: Diagnosis and management using 3D-4D sonography

Abstract

<Conclusion>The 3D ultrasound technique with different visualization and manipulation capabilities of stored volume, provides a unique opportunity for a detailed view of normal and abnormal fetal development. If facial anomaly is suspected, this technique will help in the evaluation and gained images will give some answers to question about severity and extent of anomalies. Particularly handy tool may be when communicating the neonatologist, pediatrician, plastic and reconstructive head and neck surgeon and especially when consulting with the parents of the child. However, as in any imaging technique (ultrasound, MSCT, MRI), you need to know the dome and limitations of 3D / 4D rendering and to be aware of possible artifacts and traps. From the first trimester to the next, as soon as it becomes possible to detect congenital anomaly by prenatal ultrasound, the question ariseswhat can and should be done. Many ethical dilemmas present at the time.2, 4 Contemporary medicine faces some major problems when it has the ability to prolong life of severely sick baby with potentially lethal congenital syndromes. Taking specific ultrasonic diagnostics into account, the idea is to find the balance between the advantages and limitations of sonographic assessment. At the same time, it should be possible to optimize recommendations with the expectations of parents of potentially seriously ill baby. Given the complexity of prenatal diagnosis of syndrome, everything involved in the process is also complex. This includes conformation of prenatal diagnosis postnatally and determination of the short and long term prognosis if possible to assist parents who are facing a baby with syndrome. 2, 4 It is essential to point out the necessity of complex, lifelong and costly multidisciplinary care for severely ill baby. All the aforementioned, 3D / 4D US techniques promise to improve the accuracy of clinicians in detection of fetal abnormalities and detecting fetal syndromes as early as possible. There are many advantages in prenatal detection of fetal syndromes already described, but there is also a great room for improvement. Since new 3D / 4D ultrasound technology becomes more available in everyday clinical practice, the clinician should remain well-informed, well trained and monitor new diagnostic capabilities. Continuous education is necessary. In this way, the number of fetal abnormalities and syndromes detected prenatally will probably increase over time.4 Auxiliary tools such as network databases ("online databases") that integrate all the necessary information should be included and used for better diagnostic precision.