Fetal nondiabetic-macrosomia: risk factors for pregnancy adverse outcome and comparison of two growth curves in the prediction of cesarean section

Abstract

Background Randomized trials reported no difference whether induction or expectant management is performed in non-diabetic women with large for gestational age babies but no tool has been validated for the prediction of high risk cases. Aim Assessing the performance of different growth curves in the prediction of complications. Methods Data from 1066 consecutive non-diabetic women who delivered babies ≥4000 g were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the impact of the maternal variables on: instrumental delivery, shoulder dystocia (SD), perineal tears, cesarean section (CS), and postpartum hemorrhage. Intergrowth21 curves and customized Gardosi’s curves were compared in terms of prediction of adverse outcomes. Findings Induction of labor was performed in 23.1% cases. The rate of CS was 17%. Hemorrhage, fetal distress, and SD occurred in 2%, 1.3%, and 2.7% of cases, respectively. Induction was significantly associated with instrumental delivery (p < .001), CS (p = .001), third and fourth degree perineal tears (p = .031), and post-partum hemorrhage (p = .02). The cutoff of 90th percentile according to Intergrowth21 did not show significant performance in predicting CS, while the same cutoff according to the Gardosi curves showed an OR 1.92 (CI 1.30–2.84) (p = .0009). Discussion Gardosi curves showed a better performance in predicting the risk of CS versus Intergrowth curves. Induction is significantly associated with adverse outcome in non-diabetic women with LGA babies.