Fetal middle cerebral to uterine artery pulsatility index ratios in normal and pre‐eclamptic pregnancies

Abstract

To calculate the normal range for the fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA)/uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) ratio in the third trimester of pregnancy and to assess its value, compared with that of the MCA/umbilical artery PI ratio, in predicting an unfavorable outcome of pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia. Doppler blood flow velocimetry of the uterine and umbilical arteries and fetal MCA was performed. We calculated the ratios between 1) the PI of the MCA and the mean PI value of both uterine arteries and 2) the PI of the MCA and the PI of the umbilical artery. All women were examined at or beyond 26 weeks of gestation. A cross-sectional study of 231 normal pregnancies was conducted to construct the reference range. Values below the 5th percentile or an MCA/umbilical artery PI ratio lower than 1.08 were defined as brain-sparing. A further 115 pregnancies with pre-eclampsia (50 mild and 65 severe) were assessed prospectively and the results were related to perinatal outcome. The accuracy of MCA/uterine artery and MCA/umbilical artery PI ratios for prediction of unfavorable pregnancy outcome was compared. Normal MCA/uterine artery PI ratios decreased with advancing gestational age. Redistribution of the fetal circulation indicated by a low MCA/uterine artery PI ratio was seen in 30% of the mild (n=15) and 46% of the severe (n=30) pre-eclamptic cases. There was a significant difference between those without and those with signs of brain-sparing, respectively, in mean birth weight (2456.0 vs. 1424.5 g), gestational age at delivery (35.6 vs. 31.3 weeks) and gestational age at the time of examination (34.9 vs. 30.9 weeks). Furthermore, there was a significantly higher rate of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates (57.8% vs. 25.7%), preterm delivery (100% vs. 81.8%) and Cesarean section (90.7% vs. 66.7%) in cases with an MCA/uterine artery PI ratio below the 5th percentile. However, there was no difference between the groups in the rate of low 5-min Apgar scores, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, or deliveries before 34 weeks. The MCA/uterine artery and MCA/umbilical artery PI ratios were similar in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome. Both ratios were better at predicting the outcome of pregnancy than were signs of increased vascular impedance in either the umbilical or uterine arteries. Normal MCA/uterine artery PI ratio decreases with gestational age. Abnormally low MCA/ uterine artery PI ratios are related to unfavorable pregnancy outcome. The predictive value of the MCA/uterine artery PI ratio is similar to that of the MCA/umbilical artery PI ratio.