Fetal Malpresentation and Malposition: Diagnosis and Management

Abstract

Fetal malpresentation and fetal malposition are frequently interchanged; however, fetal malpresentation refers to a fetus with a fetal part other than the head engaging the maternal pelvis. Fetal malposition in labor includes occiput posterior and occiput transverse positions. Both fetal malposition and malpresentation are associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity, which have significant impact on patients and providers. Accurate diagnosis of both conditions is necessary for appropriate management. In this review, terminology, incidence, diagnosis, and management are discussed.