Abstract

Purpose: Two “borderline” left heart phenotypes are evident in the fetus: 1) severe aortic stenosis (AS), which is associated with a globular left ventricle (LV), systolic LV dysfunction, and LV growth arrest, and 2) left heart hypoplasia (LHH) which is associated with a “long, skinny” LV, laminar flow across hypoplastic mitral and aortic valves, and arch hypoplasia. Both phenotypes may be counseled for possible single ventricle palliation. We aimed to compare the rates of aortic valve annulus size and Z-score change over gestation by phenotype. We hypothesized that the …

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