Abstract
BackgroundTo explore the associations between the Chinese famine exposure in early life and the dyslipidemia in adulthood.MethodsWe selected 2752 participants from the baseline survey of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011–2012 to evaluate the associations of early life the Chinese famine exposure with risk of dyslipidemia in adulthood. Dyslipidemia was defined as TC (Total Cholesterol): HDL-C (High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) ratio ≥ 5.0 or use cholesterol lowering drugs. Famine exposure cohorts were categorized by birthdates of participants. Binary logistics regression model was used to examine the associations of early-life famine exposure with the risk of dyslipidemia.ResultsThe dyslipidemia prevalence of the non-exposed cohort, fetal stage-, infant stage-, and preschool stage-exposed cohorts in adulthood was 15.7%, 23.1%, 22.0%, and 18.6%, respectively. Early-life exposure to the Chinese famine significantly increased LDL cholesterol concentrations in adulthood after adjusted for age. The risks of dyslipidemia in fetal (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.23–2.03; P < 0.001) and infant (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.15–2.00; P = 0.003) stage-exposed cohorts were significantly higher than the non-exposed cohort after adjusted for gender and current family economic status. Following gender stratification, we found that fetal (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.26–2.57; P = 0.001), infant (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.17–2.62; P = 0.006), and preschool (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.10–2.42; P = 0.015) -stage exposure to severe famine aggravated the risk of dyslipidemia in female adults. However, the similar association was not observed for male adults.ConclusionsEarly-life exposure to severe Chinese famine could link with the higher dyslipidemia risk in female adulthood, but not in male adulthood. This gender-specific effect might be associated with the hypothesis that parents in China prefer boys to girls traditionally or survivors’ bias.
Highlights
To explore the associations between the Chinese famine exposure in early life and the dyslipidemia in adulthood
Over the last few decades, many studies focused on the Dutch famine, and found that the infant stage exposure to famine increased the risks of hypertension [13], cardiovascular disease [14], diabetes [15], and other diseases [16] in adulthood
A total of 2752 subjects were enrolled into the current study, 797 participants had been exposed to the Chinese famine during fetal stage, whereas 536 and 597 participants had been exposed to the famine during infant and preschool stage, respectively
Summary
To explore the associations between the Chinese famine exposure in early life and the dyslipidemia in adulthood. The early origins of disease hypothesize that adaptability change for early-life (fetal, infant and early-child stage) severe malnutrition could result in bodily changes. These adaptability changes could contribute to early-life survival, they may elevate the risk of some common metabolic diseases in later life [10, 11]. Over the last few decades, many studies focused on the Dutch famine, and found that the infant stage exposure to famine increased the risks of hypertension [13], cardiovascular disease [14], diabetes [15], and other diseases [16] in adulthood. The other study from Israel found positive association between early-life famine exposure and dyslipidemia [18]
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