Ferulic Acid Supplementation Improves Lipid Profiles, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Status in Hyperlipidemic Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Akkarach Bumrungpert,Nednapis Tirawanchai,Supathra Lilitchan,Siriporn Tuntipopipat,Surat Komindr

doi:10.3390/nu10060713

Akkarach Bumrungpert, Nednapis Tirawanchai + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060713

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Journal: Nutrients	Publication Date: Jun 2, 2018
Citations: 151	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Mahidol University, Siriraj Hospital, Ramathibodi Hospital

Abstract

Ferulic acid is the most abundant phenolic compound found in vegetables and cereal grains. In vitro and animal studies have shown ferulic acid has anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of ferulic acid supplementation on lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammatory status in hyperlipidemia. The study design is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects with hyperlipidemia were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group (n = 24) was given ferulic acid (1000 mg daily) and the control group (n = 24) was provided with a placebo for six weeks. Lipid profiles, biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation were assessed before and after the intervention. Ferulic acid supplementation demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in total cholesterol (8.1%; p = 0.001), LDL-C (9.3%; p < 0.001), triglyceride (12.1%; p = 0.049), and increased HDL-C (4.3%; p = 0.045) compared with the placebo. Ferulic acid also significantly decreased the oxidative stress biomarker, MDA (24.5%; p < 0.001). Moreover, oxidized LDL-C was significantly decreased in the ferulic acid group (7.1%; p = 0.002) compared with the placebo group. In addition, ferulic acid supplementation demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the inflammatory markers hs-CRP (32.66%; p < 0.001) and TNF-α (13.06%; p < 0.001). These data indicate ferulic acid supplementation can improve lipid profiles and oxidative stress, oxidized LDL-C, and inflammation in hyperlipidemic subjects. Therefore, ferulic acid has the potential to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Highlights

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important non-communicable disease and a leading cause of death in South East Asia [1,2]
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of ferulic acid supplementation on lipid profiles, oxidative stress, LDL-C oxidation, and inflammatory status in hyperlipidemic subjects
No subjects reported any adverse effects resulting from the consumption of either the ferulic acid or placebo capsules throughout the whole trial period

Summary

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important non-communicable disease and a leading cause of death in South East Asia [1,2]. The major factors that contribute to CVD are an imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant activity [3], LDL-C oxidation [4], and inflammatory status [5], in hyperlipidemic patients [6]. Nutrients 2018, 10, 713 cessation, regular physical activity, and dietary modification, such as increasing the portion of fruits and vegetables, are recommended. Fruits and vegetables are rich in phytochemicals, which may decrease the CVD risk factors [9,10]. Ferulic acid is an abundant phenolic compound and is found in some major constituents in vegetables and grains, especially in rice bran, nuts, tomatoes, carrots, artichokes, and sweet corn [11]. A previous study showed that rice bran oil, source of ferulic acid, could improve the risk factors for CVD in hyperlipidemic patients [12]. Ferulic acid could reduce the level of HMG-CoA reductase, the key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis [14,17,18]

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