Abstract
The present study determines fertilization rate and number of embryos on Day 2 after intrauterine insemination (IUI) and deep intrauterine insemination (DIUI) using frozen-thawed (FT) boar semen in multiparous sows. Twelve crossbred Landrace × Yorkshire multiparous sows were included. The sows were inseminated at 24 h after oestrus detection and reinseminated every 12 h until ovulation took place. The inseminations were conducted using IUI with 2 × 109 FT sperm per dose (n = 6) and DIUI with 1 × 109 FT sperm per dose (n = 6). The sows were slaughtered at 45.1 ± 7.2 h after ovulation. Embryos and unfertilized oocytes were flushed from the oviducts. IUI yielded a better fertilization rate than DIUI (66.0% versus 31.0%, P < .001). The number of embryos was 13.5 ± 2.7 and 6.6 ± 3.2 embryos/sow in IUI and DIUI groups, respectively (P = .08). The proportion of sows having unilateral fertilization was higher in the DIUI (3/5) than the IUI group (1/6). In conclusion, IUI with at least 2 × 109 total number of FT boar spermatozoa is recommended.
Highlights
New procedures for artificial insemination (AI) in pigs have been established, namely, intrauterine insemination (IUI) and deep intrauterine insemination (DIUI)
The present study demonstrates that fertilization could possibly occur on both sides of the sow’s oviducts after either IUI or DIUI in some sows
This finding is in agreement with previous studies in which extended fresh semen was used for IUI [4] and DIUI [3, 5, 13]
Summary
New procedures for artificial insemination (AI) in pigs have been established, namely, intrauterine insemination (IUI) and deep intrauterine insemination (DIUI). These techniques were developed to maximize the efficacy of utilizing boar spermatozoa, especially for the vulnerable cells, for example, frozen-thawed (FT) spermatozoa [1] and sex-sorted spermatozoa [2]. Using these techniques, each insemination required 3 to 20 times less numbers of spermatozoa than conventional AI [3,4,5]. Tummaruk et al [5] found a significantly lower number of spermatozoa recovered from the female genital tract after DIUI with a 20-fold reduction in the sperm dose compared to conventional AI
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