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Abstract
We investigated the response of an alpine highly productive plant community to soil nutrient addition and irrigation. A 10-year experiment, including additions of calcium, phosphorus, nitrogen, phosphorus + nitrogen, and irrigation—was conducted in the northwestern Caucasus, Russia, at 2800 m above sea level. We found out that aboveground biomass did not change significantly. But the biomass increased by 25% in the case of the treatment with calcium addition compared with the control, also the floristic richness in this treatment was not changed. Biomass of the main dominant Geranium gymnocaulon doubled in Ca and NP. Campanula tridentata, Carum meifolium, Euphrasia ossica, and Matricaria caucasica increased in Ca; Geranium gymnocaulon in Ca and NP; Gagea fistulosa in NP; Agrostis vinealis in N and NP; Carex atrata, Nardus stricta in N; Phleum alpinum in P; Leontodon hispidus in irrigation treatment. Sedges had a positive response to N. Legumes had a negative response to NP, N, and Ca.
Highlights
Ìàòåðèàëû è ìåòîäû èññëåäîâàíèÿÝêñïåðèìåíò ñîñòîÿë èç 6 âàðèàíòîâ: óâåëè÷åíèå äîñòóïíîñòè â ïî÷âå àçîòà (N) èç ðàñ÷åòà 90 êã/ãà N â ôîðìå ìî÷åâèíû; ôîñôîðà (P) — äâîéíîé ñóïåðôîñôàò 60 êã/ãà Ð2Î5; àçîòà è ôîñôîðà îäíîâðåìåííî (NP); ñíèæåíèå êèñëîòíîñòè ïî÷âû (Ñà) — èçâåñòêîâàíèå äëÿ ïîãàøåíèÿ ãèäðîëèòè÷åñêîé êèñëîòíîñòè âåðõíèõ ãîðèçîíòîâ ïî÷âû; ñíÿòèå âîäíîãî ñòðåññà (Í2Î) — äîïîëíèòåëüíûé ïîëèâ ïðè íåäîñòàòî÷íîì êîëè÷åñòâå îñàäêîâ; êîíòðîëü — áåç ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ
Ìíîãî÷èñëåííûìè èññëåäîâàíèÿìè áûëî ïîêàçàíî, ÷òî ðîñò îòäåëüíûõ âèäîâ ðàñòåíèé è â öåëîì ïðîäóêöèþ ñîîáùåñòâ õîëîäíûõ áèîìîâ ëèìèòèðóþò â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü àçîò, à âî âòîðóþ — ôîñôîð [1]
Ïåðåä âçâåøèâàíèåì îáðàçöû ïîâòîðíî âûñóøèâàëè â ñóøèëüíîì øêàôó â òå÷åíèå 8 ÷ ïðè òåìïåðàòóðå 80°Ñ. Îáðàçöû âçâåøèâàëè íà ýëåêòðîííûõ âåñàõ HF-300 G ñ òî÷íîñòüþ äî
Summary
Ýêñïåðèìåíò ñîñòîÿë èç 6 âàðèàíòîâ: óâåëè÷åíèå äîñòóïíîñòè â ïî÷âå àçîòà (N) èç ðàñ÷åòà 90 êã/ãà N â ôîðìå ìî÷åâèíû; ôîñôîðà (P) — äâîéíîé ñóïåðôîñôàò 60 êã/ãà Ð2Î5; àçîòà è ôîñôîðà îäíîâðåìåííî (NP); ñíèæåíèå êèñëîòíîñòè ïî÷âû (Ñà) — èçâåñòêîâàíèå äëÿ ïîãàøåíèÿ ãèäðîëèòè÷åñêîé êèñëîòíîñòè âåðõíèõ ãîðèçîíòîâ ïî÷âû; ñíÿòèå âîäíîãî ñòðåññà (Í2Î) — äîïîëíèòåëüíûé ïîëèâ ïðè íåäîñòàòî÷íîì êîëè÷åñòâå îñàäêîâ; êîíòðîëü — áåç ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ.  êà÷åñòâå ïàðàìåòðîâ áèîìàññû áûëè âçÿòû ìàññà îòäåëüíûõ ïîáåãîâ è îáùàÿ áèîìàññà âèäîâ íà åäèíèöó ïëîùàäè. Àíàëèç âëèÿíèÿ âàðèàíòà ýêñïåðèìåíòà íà áèîìàññó îòäåëüíûõ âèäîâ è äðóãèõ ïîêàçàòåëåé ñòðóêòóðû ñîîáùåñòâà ïðîâåäåí äâóìÿ ìåòîäàìè. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå êîòîðûõ çíà÷èìî íå îòëè÷àëîñü îò íîðìàëüíîãî, ïðîâîäèëè îäíîôàêòîðíûé äèñïåðñèîííûé àíàëèç, ãäå çàâèñèìûìè ôàêòîðàìè âûñòóïèëè èññëåäóåìûå ïàðàìåòðû, à íåçàâèñèìûìè — âàðèàíòû ýêñïåðèìåíòà. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå êîòîðûõ çíà÷èìî îòëè÷àëîñü îò íîðìàëüíîãî, èñïîëüçîâàëè íåïàðàìåòðè÷åñêèé ìåòîä — îäíîôàêòîðíûé àíàëèç Êðóñêàëà—Óîëëèñà, â ñëó÷àå çíà÷èìîãî âëèÿíèÿ âàðèàíòà ýêñïåðèìåíòà íà àíàëèçèðóåìûé ïàðàìåòð îòäåëüíûå âàðèàíòû ýêñïåðèìåíòà ñðàâíèâàëè ìåæäó ñîáîé, èñïîëüçóÿ òåñò Ìàííà—Óèòíè. Äèñïåðñèîííûé àíàëèç ïîêàçàë, ÷òî îáùàÿ íàäçåìíàÿ áèîìàññà çíà÷èìî íå èçìåíèëàñü ïî âàðèàíòàì ýêñïåðèìåíòà Óâåëè÷åíèå îáùåé áèîìàññû Geranium gymnocaulon ïðîèçîøëî ïðåæäå âñåãî èç-çà óâåëè÷åíèÿ ìàññû âåãåòàòèâíîãî ïîáåãà ýòîãî âèäà. Ó Carum meifolium ïðè èçâåñòêîâàíèè âîçðîñëà âòðîå îáùàÿ áèîìàññà è ìàññà ãåíåðàòèâíîãî ïîáåãà. Îòëè÷àþùèåñÿ çíà÷èìî (ð < 0,05), îòìå÷åíû íå ïîâòîðÿþùèìèñÿ áóêâàìè
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