Abstract
Sperm motility, fertilization, and embryonic development were investigated in the hermaphroditic basket cockle, Clinocardium nuttallii. Motility of the sperm was more prolonged over a 2-h storage period at 4C than at 19C. The sperm-to-egg ratio resulting in the highest fertilization rate was 10,000:1, or an equivalent final sperm concentration of 6 3 10 5 cells mL -1 , using a density of 60 eggs mL -1 . However, at least some degree of self-fertilization appeared to be unavoidable during the release of the eggs from the broodstock. The biological zero point, below which embryonic development ceased, was estimated to be 2.8 Ct o 2.9C for C. nuttallii.
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