Fertility preservation in men and women: Where are we in 2021? Are we rising to the challenge?

Emergency IVF versus ovarian tissue cryopreservation: decision making in fertility preservation for female cancer patients

In vitro maturation of oocytes: uncommon indications

“It ain't necessarily so…”

Vitrification of immature mouse oocyte using stepwise equilibration before or after in vitro maturation

Fertility preservation in girls with Turner syndrome: limitations, current success and future prospects

Efficacy and safety of ovarian stimulation before chemotherapy in 205 cases

Women with cancer undergoing ART for fertility preservation: a cohort study of their response to exogenous gonadotropins

Reply of the Author: Evidence-based medicine or just a theory?

Fertility preservation in women undergoing cancer treatment

Oocyte vitrification—Women's emancipation set in stone

Robot-assisted orthotopic and heterotopic ovarian tissue transplantation techniques: surgical advances since our first success in 2000

Ovarian protection and fertility preservation in women with cancer: A French national registry analysis between 2005 and 2014

Ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation in women diagnosed with cancer

Cancer may be detected at any age and could affect children, and reproductive age women as well. In recent years, cancer treatment has become less destructive and more specific. As a result, survival rates and quality of life following successful treatment have continuously improved. Cancer treatment typically involves surgery, chemo- or radiation therapy, or the combinations of these. These interventions often adversely affect the function of the reproductive organs. Chemo- and radiation therapy are known to be gonadotoxic. Survivors of oncologic therapy are typically rendered infertile primarily due to the loss of ovarian function. There are, however, several medical, surgical, and assisted reproductive technology options that could be and should be offered to those diagnosed with cancer and wish to maintain their fertility. Embryo cryopreservation has been available for decades and has been successfully applied for fertility preservation in women diagnosed with cancer. Recent advances in cryobiology have increased the efficacy of not just embryo but even oocyte and ovarian tissue freezing-thawing. Oocyte vitrification just like embryo cryopreservation requires the use of stimulation but does not require the patient to be in a stable relationship or accept the use of donor sperm. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation does not require stimulation and, following successful transplantation, provides the patient with the most eggs but is currently still considered experimental. This paper summarizes the various fertility-sparing medical, surgical and assisted reproductive technology options. It reviews the current status of embryo, oocyte, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation and discusses their risks and benefits.

Germline stem cells: toward the regeneration of spermatogenesis