Abstract
Fecundity refers to the number of sex cells produced. Fertility refers to the capacity to produce live offspring. A fertility rate of 2.1 is required to maintain a steady population. However such a population would lead to inbreeding with an expression of unfavorable or lethal genes and a decline in fertility. Survival of the fittest requires cross fertilization. Sperm counts among human males appear to be decreasing to about 20 million per ml of semen. Nevertheless many governments have implemented policies for fertility control. In Pakistan such measures may not be needed since increasing socioeconomic status and income will make couples voluntarily limit fertility so as to be able to enjoy more consumer goods. Storage of sperm at -196 degrees in liquid nitrogen makes it possible for youthful sperm to be used for inseminating women at controlled intervals.
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