Abstract
We have studied magnetism in anatase Ti1−xCoxO2−δ (x = 0.05) thin films with various electron carrier densities, by soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements at the Co L2,3 absorption edges. For electrically conducting samples, the magnetic moment estimated by XMCD was <0.3 μB/Co using the surface-sensitive total electron yield mode, while it was 0.3–2.4 μB/Co using the bulk-sensitive total fluorescence yield mode. The latter value is in the same range as the saturation magnetization 0.6–2.1 μB/Co deduced by SQUID measurement. The magnetization and the XMCD intensity increased with carrier density, consistent with the carrier-induced origin of the ferromagnetism.
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