Ferromagnetic transition in EuS-PbS multilayers

Abstract

The magnetic properties of multilayers of ferromagnetic EuS intercalated with diamagnetic PbS were studied as a function of the EuS layer thickness ~varying from 2 to 200 ML!. The critical temperature TC of the paramagnet-ferromagnet phase transition was determined from magnetization vs temperature measurements and was found to depend on the underlying substrate @KCl ~100! vs BaF2 ~111!# as well as on the thickness of the EuS layer. For thick layers ( dEuS’200 ML), which mimic semibulk EuS, the TC values were found shifted with respect to the bulk EuS ~abou t1Ku p forlayers grown on KCl and about 3 K down for layers grown on BaF2). This effect is attributed to stress resulting mainly from the difference of thermal expansion coefficients between the substrate and the structure. For thin layers (dEuS,10 ML), a systematic reduction of TC with decreasing EuS layer thickness was observed. This behavior is discussed from two points of view: ~a! the reduction of the average number of magnetic neighbors because of the increasing role of the interface for the thin layers, and ~b! the three-dimensional/two-dimensional ~3D/2D! crossover from a 3D Heisenberg-type ferromagnet to a 2D XY or Ising-like system. The dependence of the magnetic anisotropy on the EuS layer thickness was studied by ferromagnetic resonance measurements. The energy of magnetic anisotropy can be well described as a sum of a thickness-independent ~volume! part and a 1/dEuS ~surface! term. We found that EuS layers with dEuS.2 A magnetize in the plane of the structure.@S0163-1829~99!03045-3#