Abstract
A ferromagnetic phase transition of the film and surface is studied by the Green’s function method based upon the Heisenberg model with surface magnetic anisotropy. It is proved that the order parameter (spontaneous magnetization) changes with the position in the ferromagnetic film which loses translational invariance in one direction. Expressions for the Curie temperature and spontaneous magnetization of each atomic plane in the film have been derived. The properties of magnetic order of the surface atomic plane are very different from those of the other atomic planes in the film. One expects that the extraordinary phenomena will exist in ultrathin films, since for strong surface magnetic anisotropy, as the thickness of film is decreased, the Curie temperature rises, etc.
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