Abstract
In this chapter, the Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric and Dielectric behavior of novel polymer/ceramic nano-composite (PCC) based on ferroelectric polymer [polyvinyledene fluoride (PVDF)] & nano Barium Titanate (n-BaTiO3) with different volume fractions of n-BaTiO3 (fBaTiO3), prepared through the novel cold pressing method has been discussed. The ferroelectric parameters of PCC are attributed to spherulites of PVDF, the increase of n-BaTiO3 and the ordered homogenous structure due to the novel cold pressing. The clustering of ceramic fillers is responsible for randomization of the structures of these composite ferroelectrics for some samples, leading to decrease of electrical polarisations. The piezoelectricity and piezoelectric coefficients of these composites ferroelectrics, increases with increase of ceramic filer content and remains constant beyond a certain ratio. However, the dielectric properties increase linearly as a function of ceramic content due to increase of interfaces/interfacial polarisations. The enhancement of effective dielectric constant (ɛeff) is attributed to the large interfacial polarization arising due to the charge storage at the spherulites of PVDF and at the polymer/filler interfaces of PCC and have been explained on the basis of sum effect with the help of the standard models. The achieved lower loss tangent (Tan δ) for the PCC as compared to the polymer/metal composites (PMC) is attributed to the highly insulating nature of PVDF & semiconducting n-BaTiO3. The thermal stability of the composites is also maintained due to the higher melting temperature (170°C) of PVDF. The cold pressed PCC based on PVDF are going to act as better polymer ferroelectric/dielectrics for memory and electrical energy storage applications.
Highlights
Polymer ferroelectrics (PF) and polymer dielectrics (PD) are considered recently to be the fascinating materials for their large inherent benefits of nonvolatile memory/sensor/piezoelectric/dielectric/pyroelectric/magneto-electric applications [1–17]
The development of the polymer-ceramic composites (PCC) have been slowed down, as the effective dielectric constant for these composites were found be very low i.e. εeff ~ 100 at low frequencies due to the low dielectric constant of the polymers as well as due to the conventional hot molding process conditions. In preparing these PCC, ferroelectric ceramic, such as, PMN-PT, BaTiO3, PbTiO3, etc. with varying particle size are introduced into the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix through hot molding and partially the approach becomes effective in order to get better PD [5–10]
It is obvious that a variety of interfaces have occurred into the composites, which will be always useful in the storage of electrical charge at the interfaces The large amount of n-BaTiO3 into the PCC will be responsible for giving better ferroelectric/piezoelectric/dielectric properties [2, 34–36]
Summary
Polymer ferroelectrics (PF) and polymer dielectrics (PD) are considered recently to be the fascinating materials for their large inherent benefits of nonvolatile memory/sensor/piezoelectric/dielectric/pyroelectric/magneto-electric applications [1–17]. Are suffering from a large number of disadvantages, such as; brittleness, high cost and consume higher energy/longer time for their preparation To overcome these problems, PF are undergoing development based on ferroelectric polymer as well as ferroelectric ceramics. The development of the polymer-ceramic composites (PCC) have been slowed down, as the effective dielectric constant (εeff) for these composites were found be very low i.e. εeff ~ 100 at low frequencies due to the low dielectric constant of the polymers as well as due to the conventional hot molding process conditions In preparing these PCC, ferroelectric ceramic, such as, PMN-PT, BaTiO3, PbTiO3, etc. With the objective of achieving flexibility with low cost/easy processing and higher value of electrical parameters, for device applications, the traditional process condition (hot molding of the thick films prepared from solution casting) is changed to cold pressing developed by our group in which the spherulites of PVDF will be retained for the case of PCC.
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