Abstract
The static dielectric constant of ice Ih is calculated, considering the energy differences between the configurations of hydrogen atoms obeying the Bernal-Fowler rule, by Takagi's method of KDP crystals in the framework of Kirkwood-Frohlich theory. This is the study of the phase transiton with thirteen order parameters. A model of water molecule, called the tetrapod model, is proposed, which is a four-point-charge model plus an additional quadrupole moment. Considering the multipole interaction, the Curie-Weiss law is derived. With the change of the quadrupole moment, ferroelectric or antiferroelectric phase transition occurs. With suitable quadrupole moment, the experimental Curie-Weiss constant 46 K parallel to the c -axis and the observed anisotropy of the dielectric constants can both be derived, where the transition temperature to ferroelectric phase is 69 K.
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