Abstract
Abstract
Highlights
Piezoelectric materials have been used for many applications such as sensors and actuators,[1] and recently studied for vibration energy harvesters.[2,3] For most of these applications, the piezoelectric material used is lead zirconate titanate because of the large piezoelectric properties and high Curie temperature.[4]
Because the synthesis of second-phase-free BiFeO3 was difficult and because a ceramic sample was so leaky and the coercive field was so large that a measurement of a well-saturated ferroelectric loop was difficult, BiFeO3 ceramics were less studied until a large remanent polarization of ;60 lC/cm[2] was reported for a BiFeO3 epitaxial film and a single crystal.[14,15]
Intensive studies suggested that the leaky response was associated with the formation of Bi25FeO39 and the vaporization of Bi2O3 at high temperature and subsequent oxygen filling (VO__ 1 1/2 O2 ! OOÂ 1 2 h_) on cooling, leading to ptype conductivity,[13,16] and a large coercive field was believed to be due to Bi and O vacancies forming dipolar defect complexes, which pinned domain walls and made the ceramics ferroelectrically hard
Summary
Piezoelectric materials have been used for many applications such as sensors and actuators,[1] and recently studied for vibration energy harvesters.[2,3] For most of these applications, the piezoelectric material used is lead zirconate titanate because of the large piezoelectric properties and high Curie temperature.[4]. 25–27) and (Bi1/2K1/2)TiO3.28–30 For both solid-solution ceramics, the crystal system changed from rhombohedral to pseudocubic to tetragonal phases with increasing tetragonal end-member content, and the piezoelectric response was increased with keeping high Curie temperature at the composition that the crystal system changed from rhombohedral to pseudocubic phases: that is, the piezoelectric constant d33 of 116 pC/N and the Curie temperature of 619 °C for Mn-doped 0.75BaTiO3–0.25BiFeO3 ceramics[26] and d33 of ;130 pC/N and the Curie temperature of 450 °C for 0.6(Bi0.5K0.5) TiO3–0.4BiFeO3 ceramics.[28,30] Another method to increase the piezoelectric properties is to alter lattice distortion. In this study, (1 À x) (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–xBiFeO3 (x 5 0–0.9) ceramics were prepared with solid-state synthesis, and the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties along with the crystal structure and microstructure were investigated
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